Map credits and data licenses

Our battle maps

The battle maps in our articles (Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, Gaugamela, Cannae, Zama and Actium) are original reconstructions by Echoes of Battle. The terrain render, layout and lettering are our own work. The ground is rebuilt from modern elevation data and from historical maps and ancient sources, so the positions of rivers, coasts and places are approximate.

Mapy bitew w naszych artykułach (Maraton, Termopile, Salamina, Gaugamela, Kanny, Zama i Akcjum) to autorskie rekonstrukcje Echoes of Battle. Teren, układ i napisy to nasza praca. Ukształtowanie terenu odtwarzamy na podstawie współczesnych danych wysokościowych, dawnych map i źródeł antycznych, więc położenie rzek, wybrzeży i miejscowości jest przybliżone.

Location maps: our own work

The location maps in our battle articles (a gold star on a dark map with a small world inset) are our own work, drawn from Natural Earth data, which is in the public domain. The maps themselves are © Echoes of Battle, all rights reserved: please do not copy, republish or adapt them without our written permission. To ask, write to us through the press page.

Po polsku: mapy lokalizacyjne w naszych artykułach o bitwach (złota gwiazdka na ciemnej mapie z małą mapą świata) to nasza praca, narysowana na podstawie danych Natural Earth, które są w domenie publicznej. Same mapy są © Echoes of Battle, wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone: nie kopiuj, nie publikuj ani nie przerabiaj ich bez naszej pisemnej zgody. O zgodę zapytaj przez stronę dla prasy.

Coasts, rivers and lakes: Natural Earth

The location maps use Natural Earth vector data (land, coastlines, rivers and lakes), which is in the public domain. No modern borders are drawn.

Elevation: Copernicus DEM GLO-30

Used on all seven maps.

Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Accessed through the AWS Open Data registry (registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem).

Bathymetry: EMODnet

Used on Salamis and Actium. EMODnet Bathymetry Consortium, EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Changes: resampled and rendered as shaded sea depth.

Rivers and roads: OpenStreetMap

Used on Cannae, Zama and Gaugamela. Data © OpenStreetMap contributors, available under the Open Database License (ODbL).

Historical base maps (public domain)

• Marathon: Ernst Curtius and Johann August Kaupert, Karten von Attika, section Marathon.
• Gaugamela: Johannes Kromayer and Georg Veith, Schlachten-Atlas zur antiken Kriegsgeschichte (land cover partly after their plate).

Hero paintings on the home page

The slideshow at the top of the home page shows paintings of battles from the history of the visitor's country (chosen from the country of the connection, which we do not store). All of them are in the public domain; the photograph of the Leipzig painting is also released under CC0. Each is cropped and resized by us.

Pokaz obrazów na górze strony głównej pokazuje bitwy z historii kraju odwiedzającego (kraj ustalamy z połączenia i go nie zapisujemy). Wszystkie obrazy należą do domeny publicznej, a fotografia obrazu bitwy pod Lipskiem jest dodatkowo udostępniona na licencji CC0. Każdy obraz przycięliśmy i przeskalowaliśmy.

• Delaware River, 1776: Washington Crossing the Delaware, Emanuel Leutze, 1851, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Yorktown, 1781: Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, John Trumbull, 1820, United States Capitol. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Gettysburg, 1863: Battle of Gettysburg (chromolithograph, L. Prang & Co.), Thure de Thulstrup, 1887, Library of Congress. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Agincourt, 1415: The Morning of the Battle of Agincourt, Sir John Gilbert, 1884, Guildhall Art Gallery. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Trafalgar, 1805: The Battle of Trafalgar, J. M. W. Turner, 1822-1824, Royal Museums Greenwich. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Waterloo, 1815: Scotland Forever!, Elizabeth Thompson, Lady Butler, 1881, Leeds Art Gallery. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Culloden, 1746: An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745, David Morier, c. 1746, Royal Collection. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Balaclava, 1854: The Thin Red Line, Robert Gibb, 1881, National War Museum of Scotland. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Clontarf, 1014: The Battle of Clontarf, Hugh Frazer, 1826. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Vimy Ridge, 1917: The Taking of Vimy Ridge, Richard Jack, 1919, Canadian War Museum. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Ypres, 1915: The Second Battle of Ypres, Richard Jack, 1917, Canadian War Museum. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Quebec, 1759: The Death of General Wolfe, Benjamin West, 1770, National Gallery of Canada. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Gallipoli, 1915: Anzac, the landing 1915, George W. Lambert, 1920-1922, Australian War Memorial. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Villers-Bretonneux, 1918: The battle before Villers-Bretonneux, August 8th, 1918, H. Septimus Power, 1920. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Menin Gate, Ypres: Menin Gate at Midnight, Will Longstaff, 1927, Australian War Memorial. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Lützen, 1632: Death of King Gustav II Adolf at the Battle of Lützen, Carl Wahlbom, 1855, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Svensksund, 1790: The naval battle of Svensksund, 9 July 1790, Johan Tietrich Schoultz, 1790s, Sjöhistoriska museet, Stockholm. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Poltava, 1709: The Battle of Poltava, Pierre-Denis Martin, 1726. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Grunwald, 1410: Battle of Grunwald, Jan Matejko, 1878, National Museum in Warsaw. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Leipzig, 1813: The Battle of the Nations at Leipzig, Alexander Sauerweid, Munich Residenz; photograph by Wilfredor, CC0. Public domain / CC0, Wikimedia Commons.
• Großbeeren, 1813: The Battle of Großbeeren, 23 August 1813, Carl Röchling, 1907. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Austerlitz, 1805: The Battle of Austerlitz, François Gérard, 1810, Palace of Versailles. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Bouvines, 1214: The Battle of Bouvines, Horace Vernet, 1827, Palace of Versailles. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Jena, 1806: Napoleon at the Battle of Jena, Horace Vernet, 1836, Palace of Versailles. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Lepanto, 1571: The Battle of Lepanto, Juan Luna, 1887, Spanish Senate. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Breda, 1625: The Surrender of Breda, Diego Velázquez, 1634-1635, Museo del Prado. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Bailén, 1808: The Surrender of Bailén, José Casado del Alisal, 1864, Museo del Prado. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Legnano, 1176: The Battle of Legnano, Amos Cassioli, 1860-1870, Galleria d’arte moderna, Florence. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Milvian Bridge, 312: The Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Giulio Romano (Raphael workshop), 1520-1524, Vatican Museums. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Haldighati, 1576: The Battle of Haldighati, probably by Chokha, Mewar, c. 1810-1820, Royal Asiatic Society. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Panipat, 1761: The Third Battle of Panipat, anonymous Faizabad-style drawing, c. 1770, British Library. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Archive film on the era pages

The era pages show short, silent clips of World War I and II film from the U.S. National Archives. All of them were made by the U.S. armed forces and are works of the U.S. federal government, in the public domain. We cut each clip, removed the sound, cropped the frame edges and re-encoded it; captions follow the archive's own catalog record. The era maps use Natural Earth land data (public domain).

Strony epok pokazują krótkie, nieme fragmenty filmów z I i II wojny światowej z Archiwum Narodowego USA. Wszystkie nakręciły siły zbrojne USA, są utworami rządu federalnego USA i należą do domeny publicznej. Każdy fragment przycięliśmy, usunęliśmy dźwięk, obcięliśmy krawędzie kadru i przekodowaliśmy; podpisy opierają się na opisie w katalogu archiwum. Mapy epok korzystają z danych Natural Earth (domena publiczna).

• World War I, hero loop: A heavy gun firing during the St. Mihiel offensive, September 1918. U.S. Army Signal Corps, U.S. National Archives 111-H-1329. Public domain.
• Artillery tractors on the St. Mihiel front, 1918: St. Mihiel offensive, 10 to 25 September 1918, U.S. Army Signal Corps (camera operator not named in the record). U.S. National Archives 111-H-1329, NAID 24832. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.
• The 110th Infantry marches through Varennes, 1918: Meuse-Argonne offensive, 26 September to 11 November 1918, U.S. Army Signal Corps (camera operator not named in the record). U.S. National Archives 111-H-1415, NAID 24917. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.
• Shellfire over a field in the Argonne, 1918: Meuse-Argonne offensive, 26 September to 11 November 1918, U.S. Army Signal Corps (camera operator not named in the record). U.S. National Archives 111-H-1415, NAID 24917. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.
• The U.S. fleet comes home, December 1918: December 1918, U.S. Army Signal Corps (camera operator not named in the record). U.S. National Archives 111-H-1224, NAID 24729. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.
• World War II, hero loop: B-17 bombers of the Eighth Air Force in formation, from the Memphis Belle outtakes, 1942 to 1943. U.S. Army Air Forces, U.S. National Archives 342-USAF-19510. Public domain.
• B-17s in formation, seen from a bomber: 1942 to October 1943, U.S. Army Air Forces (camera operator not named in the record). U.S. National Archives 342-USAF-19510, NAID 65930. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.
• Landing craft and a battleship off Iwo Jima, 1945: 1945, Cameramen of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard (on-screen credit). U.S. National Archives 80-MN-5124, NAID 13089. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.
• Waves of landing craft head for Iwo Jima, 1945: 1945, Cameramen of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard (on-screen credit). U.S. National Archives 80-MN-5124, NAID 13089. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.
• Marines on the black sand of Iwo Jima, 1945: 1945, Cameramen of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard (on-screen credit). U.S. National Archives 80-MN-5124, NAID 13089. Public domain, work of the U.S. federal government. Catalog record.

Fonts

Cinzel and Crimson Pro (SIL Open Font License), JetBrains Mono (SIL Open Font License).

Icons

The icons on the home page are the ones the app uses: Material Design Icons by Pictogrammers, licensed under the Apache License 2.0.