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30 April in military history: Fall of Saigon, 1975

Military history · 30 April · Vietnam War, American Civil WarFull calendar

Drawing of a moonlit forest road: Union infantry columns with flags, mounted officers and a covered supply wagon move along a track between tall bare trees, with smoke rising behind a low rise.
Edwin Forbes's drawing, titled in the Library of Congress record "Scene on the U.S. ford road, (battle of Chancellorsville) on the night of Apr. 30, 1863". Public domain. Edwin Forbes, 1863, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division (LCCN 2004661577).
Quick answer

On 30 April 1975 North Vietnamese tanks rolled through the gates of the presidential palace in Saigon, and South Vietnam's president, Duong Van Minh, surrendered, effectively ending the Vietnam War. Hours earlier the last U.S. Marines had left the embassy roof by helicopter. On the same date in 1863 Hooker's Union army reached Chancellorsville.

The fall of Saigon, 1975: the last helicopters and the end of the Vietnam War

30 April 1975 · 51 years ago

North Vietnamese forces and the Viet Cong entered Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, hours after a mass evacuation of Americans and South Vietnamese civilians. President Duong Van Minh surrendered unconditionally the same day, ending the Vietnam War and South Vietnam itself.

Read the full story of The fall of Saigon, 1975: the last helicopters and the end of the Vietnam War ›

The Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863: Lee's perfect battle

30 April to 6 May 1863 · 163 years ago

At Chancellorsville, from 30 April to 6 May 1863, Robert E. Lee won what many historians call his greatest victory, beating a Union army under Joseph Hooker that was more than twice the size of his own.

Read the full story of The Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863: Lee's perfect battle ›

Also on this day

1863: on the Mississippi, Ulysses S. Grant's army crossed the river and landed at Bruinsburg, Mississippi. C. A. Dana reported to Secretary of War E. M. Stanton at 2 p.m. that three divisions "were landed safely without opposition at Bruinsburg, Miss., at the mouth of Bayou Pierre, at 11 a. m. to-day". Grant later wrote: "When this was effected I felt a degree of relief scarcely ever equalled since". The campaign is told in our article on Vicksburg.1

Frequently asked questions

When did Saigon fall?

On 30 April 1975. The last U.S. Marines left the embassy roof by helicopter at 7:53 a.m., North Vietnamese tanks rolled through the gates of the presidential palace, and President Duong Van Minh surrendered and ordered his soldiers to lay down their arms.

What was Operation Frequent Wind?

The U.S. helicopter evacuation of Saigon on 29 and 30 April 1975, from the Defense Attaché Office compound at Tan Son Nhut and from the embassy to ships of the Seventh Fleet. The Marine Corps history counts 1,373 Americans and 5,595 non-Americans evacuated.

Did the Battle of Chancellorsville begin on 30 April?

It depends on the source. The American Battlefield Trust dates the battle from 30 April to 6 May 1863. The Official Records list only skirmishes at and near Chancellorsville on 30 April and date the battle from 1 to 3 May, and the National Park Service starts the fighting on 1 May.

Did Hooker really say "may God have mercy on General Lee"?

The words come from a recollection by H. Seymour Hall, a staff officer, published in 1906. Hall wrote that Hooker said them in his tent on 29 March 1863, before the campaign began.

How many casualties were there at Chancellorsville?

The official Union summary gives 17,287 killed, wounded and captured or missing for the whole campaign, 27 April to 11 May. The American Battlefield Trust estimates 17,304 Union and 13,460 Confederate casualties; John Bigelow gives 12,821 Confederate killed, wounded and missing, partly by his own computation.

How did Stonewall Jackson die?

He was shot by his own men on the night of 2 May 1863 as he returned from a reconnaissance. His left arm was amputated, he developed pneumonia, and he died on 10 May.

Notes

A number in the text points to a note; each note names the works that paragraph draws on, listed in full under Sources.

  1. C. A. Dana to E. M. Stanton, “The War of the Rebellion”; U. S. Grant to H. W. Halleck, “The War of the Rebellion”; H. W. Halleck, “The War of the Rebellion”; National Park Service, “Bruinsburg Crossing (April 30-May 1)”; Ulysses S. Grant, “Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant”. ↩

Sources

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