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1 June in military history: Battle of Belleau Wood begins, 1918

Military history · 1 June · World War IFull calendar

Map marking the battle site: Belleau Wood (Bois de Belleau), near Château-Thierry, France
Location: Belleau Wood (Bois de Belleau), near Château-Thierry, France. Location map: © Echoes of Battle (data: Natural Earth, public domain)
Quick answer

On 1 June 1918 the U.S. 2nd Division, with its brigade of Marines, took up a line northwest of Château-Thierry, across the main road to Paris, in the path of a German offensive. On 6 June it attacked Belleau Wood, cleared after three weeks of fighting. In 1794 Lord Howe beat the French fleet on the Glorious First of June.

Battle of Belleau Wood, 1918

1 to 26 June 1918 · 108 years ago

In June 1918 the U.S. 2nd Division, with its brigade of Marines, helped stop a German offensive northwest of Château-Thierry. From 6 June it fought for three weeks, at heavy cost, to clear Belleau Wood.

Read the full story of Battle of Belleau Wood, 1918 ›

The Glorious First of June, 1794: Howe's victory and the grain convoy

1 June 1794 · 232 years ago

Far out in the Atlantic, Admiral Howe's British fleet fought the French fleet of Villaret de Joyeuse, which was shielding a vital grain convoy from America. Howe won at sea, but the convoy reached France safely and brought food to a hungry country.

Read the full story of The Glorious First of June, 1794: Howe's victory and the grain convoy ›

Also on this day

1813: off Boston, the British frigate Shannon under Captain Philip Broke fought the American frigate Chesapeake under Captain James Lawrence. The Shannon opened fire at 5:50 p.m., her men boarded, and the Chesapeake surrendered; Pullen writes that eleven minutes had passed since the first shot, Roosevelt fifteen. Lawrence was mortally wounded. Roosevelt writes that he was carried below exclaiming "Don't give up the ship".1

Frequently asked questions

When did the Battle of Belleau Wood begin?

The U.S. 2nd Division arrived at the front on 1 June 1918, and the Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery dates the battle from 1 to 26 June. The first attack on the wood itself came on the afternoon of 6 June.

Who fought at Belleau Wood?

The U.S. 2nd Division, with its Marine brigade (the 5th and 6th Marines and the 6th Machine Gun Battalion) and the Army's 3rd Brigade, fought beside French troops against German units.

Why was 6 June so costly for the Marines?

They attacked across open fields and, according to the American Battle Monuments Commission, suffered heavy casualties there.

How many casualties did the Americans suffer?

The sources differ in scope. McClellan gives the 2nd Division 1,811 battle deaths and 7,252 other casualties for 31 days of fighting, and the American Battle Monuments Commission over 8,100 casualties.

Why is Belleau Wood also called the Wood of the Marine Brigade?

On 30 June 1918 General Degoutte, commanding the French Sixth Army, ordered that official papers call it the Bois de la Brigade de Marine.

Notes

A number in the text points to a note; each note names the works that paragraph draws on, listed in full under Sources.

  1. H. F. Pullen, “Broke, Sir Philip Bowes Vere”; Theodore Roosevelt, “The Naval War of 1812”. ↩

Sources

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