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16 November in military history: Battle of Cajamarca, 1532

Military history · 16 November · Spanish conquest of Peru · Thirty Years' War · American RevolutionFull calendar

Map marking the battle site: Cajamarca, northern Peru
Location: Cajamarca, northern Peru. Location map: © Echoes of Battle (data: Natural Earth, public domain)
Quick answer

On 16 November 1532, at Cajamarca in the Andes of northern Peru, fewer than two hundred Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro ambushed the Inca ruler Atahualpa in the town square, killed his attendants and took him prisoner. On this date Gustavus Adolphus also died at Lützen in 1632, and Fort Washington fell in 1776.

Battle of Cajamarca 1532: How Pizarro Captured Atahualpa

16 November 1532 · 493 years ago

Spain won at Cajamarca on 16 November 1532, when 168 conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro ambushed the Inca emperor Atahualpa in the middle of his own realm and took him alive. The capture of a living god-king paralyzed the Inca Empire and set the Spanish conquest of Peru in motion.

Read the full story of Battle of Cajamarca 1532: How Pizarro Captured Atahualpa ›

Battle of Lützen, 1632: the victory that cost Sweden its king

16 November 1632 · 393 years ago

A Swedish army under Gustavus Adolphus, with Saxon and Hessian support, attacked Albrecht von Wallenstein's Imperial forces at Lützen in a major battle of the Thirty Years' War. The Swedes narrowly prevailed and Wallenstein withdrew, but the king was killed in the fighting.

Read the full story of Battle of Lützen, 1632: the victory that cost Sweden its king ›

The Fall of Fort Washington

16 November 1776 · 249 years ago

Fort Washington was a five sided earthwork on the high ground above the Hudson, paired with Fort Lee on the New Jersey Palisades opposite. Between them the Americans sank hulks loaded with stones in the river to stop British warships sailing upriver.

Read the full story of The Fall of Fort Washington ›

Frequently asked questions

When and where was the Battle of Cajamarca?

On 16 November 1532 in the main square of Cajamarca, in the highlands of northern Peru, during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.

How many Spaniards were there?

Fewer than two hundred. Pizarro's secretary Francisco de Xerez recorded 62 horsemen and 102 foot soldiers at a muster on the march inland.

Was it really a battle?

It was more an ambush and massacre than a battle. The Spanish attacked by surprise in the square, the Inca attendants did not fight back, and no Spaniard was killed.

What else happened on 16 November?

King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden was killed at the Battle of Lützen in 1632, and in 1776 the British took Fort Washington on Manhattan with about 2,800 American prisoners.

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