19 April in military history: Lexington and Concord, 1775, and the Battle of Raszyn, 1809

A British column sent to destroy military stores at Concord exchanged fire with militia on Lexington Green at dawn and again at Concord's North Bridge. On the way back it was under fire until Lord Percy's brigade joined it at or near Lexington. At dusk the combined force reached Charlestown, and it was ferried over to Boston that night.

The sources disagree. Captain John Parker swore that the regulars fired on his men without provocation; Gage's account says that militiamen who had jumped over a wall fired first; Lieutenant Edward Thornton Gould, a British officer, could not say which side fired first. The National Park Service writes that historians do not know.

Gage's return lists 62 rank and file killed, 157 wounded and 24 missing, besides officers, sergeants and drummers; Allen French and the American Battlefield Trust give 73 British killed and 174 wounded. For the Americans, Frank Coburn counts 49 killed, 41 wounded and 5 missing, while French and the Trust give 49 killed, 39 wounded and 5 missing.

Prince Józef Poniatowski's Polish army and its Saxon contingent fought a larger Austrian corps under Archduke Ferdinand outside Warsaw from about two in the afternoon until night. The Poles withdrew that night, and under a convention concluded on 21 April they gave up Warsaw.

The sources differ. Poland's ZPE education platform calls it tactically inconclusive but in time a Polish success, while Michał Szukała of PAP writes of a victory. Roman Sołtyk, who according to Piecyk commanded the vanguard artillery there, writes that apart from Falenty the Poles lost no ground.