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9 February in military history: End of the Guadalcanal campaign, 1943

Military history · 9 February · World War IIFull calendar

Major General Alexander Patch, Lieutenant General Millard Harmon and Major General Nathan Twining in khaki shirts and peaked caps studying a map at a field table at the end of the Guadalcanal campaign, 1943
Major General Alexander Patch (left), who commanded the ground fighting on Guadalcanal, with Lieutenant General Millard Harmon and Major General Nathan Twining at the close of the campaign, about February 1943. Public domain. U.S. Army Air Forces, 1943, Library of Congress, via Wikimedia Commons.
Quick answer

On 9 February 1943 two American columns met at the village of Tenaro, near Cape Esperance, and Major General Alexander Patch reported the total defeat of Japanese forces on Guadalcanal, ending a six-month campaign. They found only stragglers: in three night runs Japanese destroyers had already taken off more than 10,000 men.

The Guadalcanal Campaign, 1942 to 1943: the Pacific turns

9 February 1943 · 83 years ago

After stopping Japan at the Coral Sea and Midway, the Allies went over to the attack. On 7 August 1942 US Marines landed on Guadalcanal and nearby islands and seized a half-built Japanese airfield, which they named Henderson Field. Holding that airfield became the key to the whole campaign.

Read the full story of The Guadalcanal Campaign, 1942 to 1943: the Pacific turns ›

Battle of Chemulpo Bay, 1904: the Varyag's hopeless sortie

9 February 1904 · 122 years ago

A Japanese squadron under Rear Admiral Uryū Sotokichi attacked the Russian cruiser Varyag and an old gunboat at Chemulpo, now Incheon, at the opening of the Russo-Japanese War. No ship sank in the fighting itself, but the beaten Russians scuttled their own vessels.

Read the full story of Battle of Chemulpo Bay, 1904: the Varyag's hopeless sortie ›

Frequently asked questions

When did the Battle of Guadalcanal end?

Organized Japanese resistance ended on 9 February 1943, when two American forces met at Tenaro and General Patch reported the complete defeat of the Japanese on the island. The last Japanese troops had been evacuated on the night of 7 to 8 February.

What was Operation Ke?

The Japanese evacuation of Guadalcanal. Destroyers made three night runs to Cape Esperance in early February 1943 and took off the surviving troops while the Americans still expected a new Japanese offensive.

How many Japanese soldiers were evacuated from Guadalcanal?

The figures differ: 11,706 according to the US Navy's official historian Samuel Eliot Morison, about 11,000 in the three nights according to the Marine Corps history, and about 13,000 by the Japanese count cited by the US Army history.

How many people died on Guadalcanal?

About 1,600 American ground troops were killed. Japanese losses were far heavier: the US Army history counts over 14,800 killed or missing and 9,000 dead of disease.

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